The study applies 3D range technology to improve
efficiency in interior design and construction with
better accuracy and quality. The feasibility of as-built
range data was used for visual inspection and drawing
production. The technology improved measurement
accuracy, retrieved unreachable coordinates,
controlled working schedule, compared construction
with design, and facilitated follow-up interior
maintenance and management over Internet. This
study also showed that only accurate design
specifications can meet design requirements and
prevent construction error. Accurate as-built data
solve design problems and control construction quality
without increasing budget.
http://www.aleeshainstitute.com/interior-designing-course.php
Active surface measuring techniques have been
used to automatically reconstruct 3D models by joining
polygon meshes since 1994 [8]. The techniques enable
highly accurate measurement of 3D surfaces. 3D range
images were also used to survey archeology and
engineering site [3,5] with higher precision 3D
coordinates and correct 3D inter-relationship between
parts. The measurement is made by scanning laser
beams in a non-intrusive manner. The scanned parts
are shown as-built with surface configuration feasible
for follow-up drafting checks.
Traditional representation of architectural design
information was mainly illustrated through 2D vector
drawings and 3D computer models. The real world
data used to be retrieved manually with limited
assistance of survey instruments. On-site
measurements are usually sampled in a discontinuous
manner and subject to human errors. Lacking accurate
as-built spatial information may delay working
schedule and miscount bill of materials (BOM). Wrong
information may come from measurement mistake,
dimensional misreading, or setup error. The types of
measurement tolerance, which usually come from
traditional working habit, can be accumulated to a
certain amount and cause problems in installation and
budget control. The digital representations used to be
design-oriented data which are different from as-built
information used for interior renovation or afterconstruction facility management. The as-built data
should include the most updated design modification
or dimension adjustments to the virtual design
environment.
Traditional architectural graphic data do not
support the spatial representation of as-built
environment. Although the data are represented, the
amount and format of data are not suitable for the
production environment in design practice.
This study tries to combine the range images
retrieved from a 3D long-range laser scanner and the
drafting working platform to create a system for asbuilt data review and comparison with old design data.
The most important of all, the system enables a
designer to control the spatial relationship of building
components before, during, and after a building design
project is executed. The range images are feasible not
only for visual inspection, but also production needs.
The analysis of construction data
Former research has accomplished 3D comparison
of scan data sets [13]. In this application, scan data are
applied specifically for a better control of renovation
quality. As shown in the system interface (Appendix),
user can access scan data by dates and stages under
design, construction, and post-construction categories.
As a result, the data are applicable along a building’s
life cycle. The data analysis at design stage is related to
drawing production, furniture system evaluation, and
BOM. Registered point clouds verify the real structure
plans through column and partition locations. Interior
dimensions can be measured, noted, and compared
with old drawings in higher accuracy. The plans then
were used to evaluate furniture layout.
Existing kitchen and interior partitions in room
807 and 808 were demolished. The demolition plan
and range images (Fig.4) show the partitions and
ceiling tiles had been removed on Dec. 12. New
partitions started before ceiling jobs. Both ceilings and
HVAC were installed almost at the same time (Fig. 5).
As former researches have been achieved [3,4] in 4D
schedule simulation, this study added point cloud
browser interface for a virtual 3D walk-through as a
schedule inspection aid after scans were registered.
Scans were made in full scale to facilitate
measurements in an internet browser mode. When
scans were imported into vector drafting platform, data
were scaled down to 1/100 or 1/200 to create the same
comparison base with drawings. Overlapping design
drawings with point cloud sections was found to be the
most efficient and practical way to detect any possible
old drawing error, comparing to tape or theodolite
measures. Since most building parts were built
orthogonally, the alignment of cloud registration can
also be inspected straight forward.
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